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　　“人们并不打算弥补出口日本的损失，”加州财政部首席经济学家Ted Gibson说。日本至今还是加州最大的出口市场，但是去年上半年，加州出口到日本的货物减少9%，为90亿美元。但是，Gibson补充说，“通过将注意力转移到拉丁美洲和欧洲市场，某种程度上可以弥补亚洲出口市场的损失。”
　　"You're not going to offset a Japan," said Ted Gibson, chief economist at the state Finance Department. Japan is by far California's top export market, but the state's shipments there fell 9% to $9 billion in the first half of last year, the latest data available. But Gibson added: "By refocusing attention on Latin America and Europe, there is some scope for offsetting weakness in Asia."

　　由于亚洲金融动荡，少数加州公司，又大公司也有小公司，被迫离开亚洲市场。尽管在亚洲金融危机出现之前，许多公司已经开发许多新市场，但是最近的亚洲金融危机使得这些公司更加积极开发新市场。
　　Few California companies, big or small, are pulling out of Asia because of the financial turmoil there. And even before Asia's troubles emerged, many businesses had been exploring new markets, although the recent problems have accelerated those efforts.

　　“亚洲已经面临重大转折，但是以后会面临另一个重大转折，”Charlie Oliver说。Charlie Oliver是位于加州南部Ivine的一家大型工程服务公司Fluor Corp.的主体Fluor Daniel公司的集团总裁。但是，当记者在他的伦敦办公室采访时，Oliver说他的公司已经开始在前苏联和委内瑞拉等发展中市场寻求新的投资机会。
　　“由于原有市场发展速度减缓，我们将在别的地方寻找资源病进行开发，” 他说。
　　"Asia has been a great run, and in the future there will be another great run," said Charlie Oliver, a group president at Fluor Daniel, the main unit of the giant engineering services firm in Irvine, Fluor Corp. But in an interview from his office in London, Oliver said the company has already begun to pursue new ventures in growing markets like the former Soviet Union and Venezuela.
　　"As a given area slows down, we'll take resources and refocus them elsewhere," he said.

　　这对于小型公司并不太容易，小公司的财力和人力有限，特别是那些长期来主要业务在亚洲的公司。“我们首先必须具备足够的资金，才能够考虑开发其他国家市场，”位于南加州Pomona的Sunrise Industries公司经理Ted Kim说，这是一家再生纸出口商，近20年来主要出口到韩国。
　　That's not as easy for smaller companies, with their limited budgets and staff, especially those businesses that have long focused solely on Asia. "We have to have money first, then we can think about other countries," said Ted Kim, managing director at Sunrise Industries in Pomona, a recycled-paper exporter that for nearly 20 years has been shipping goods principally to South Korea.

　　但是，其他公司并不消极等待。Murrey International Inc.，一家位于南加州Gardena的保龄球和泳池桌制造商，副总裁Gordon Murry Jr.说，他已经推迟了在上海设立销售代表处的计划，取而代之的是，他花了17天的时间进行全球上午旅行，考察了新加坡、德国的法兰克福、伦敦和印度的孟买。
　　But other companies aren't waiting. Gordon Murrey Jr., vice president of Murrey International Inc., a bowling equipment and pool table manufacturer in Gardena, says he has postponed plans to open a sales office in Shanghai. Instead he took a 17-day global business trip, stopping off in Singapore; Frankfurt, Germany; London and Bombay, India.

　　Murrey说他正在跟踪德国和俄国及其他西欧国家的业务。Murrey的公司已经有60年的历史，年销售额大约为1千万美元，大部分出口到亚洲，除此之外还生产室内娱乐游戏产品，如洗牌桌等。Murrey认为由于欧洲人口老化，对这样的产品的需求可能正在增长。“在工业化国家发生着人口统计学意义上的变化，”他说。
　　Murrey says he is pursuing deals in Germany and Russia as well as in Western Europe. Murrey's 60-year-old company, which has annual sales approaching $10 million, much of it exports to Asia, also makes indoor recreation games such as shuffle board. Murrey thinks there could be growing demand for such products because of Europe's aging population. "There is a demographic shift in industrialized countries," he said.

　　尽管如此，Murrey对欧洲仍然不报任何幻想，对于这种产品，任何其他市场都无法取代亚洲。“我们将继续培育新市场，”他说。“但是，我最乐观的估计新市场仍然是有限的，我们还是需要亚洲。”
　　Even so, Murrey holds no illusions that Europe, or any other market for that matter, could replace Asia. "We'll go ahead and nurture some new markets," he said. "But my best guess is that it won't be enough. We need Asia."

　　加州已经出口大量产品到欧洲，主要是电脑和其它电子产品。英国是加州的第七大出口市场，德国则排行第九，其次是荷兰，法国位列第12。1997年上半年，出口到上述四个国家的总值为73亿美元。而出口到日本则是9亿美元。
　　California already does a fair amount of exporting to Europe, particularly computers and other electronic goods. Britain is California's seventh-largest ecport market, and Germany is No. 9, followed by the Netherlands. France is No. 12. Combined, exports to those four countries totaled about $7.3 billion in the first half of 1997. That compares with $9 billion for Japan.

　　近来，加州到欧洲的出口总额在增长速度上比出口到亚洲的增长速度还要快，经济学家认为欧洲适度的经济增长有点加快。美洲银行专门研究欧洲市场的高级经济学家Sheldon Engler期望美元与欧洲货币相比能够有所贬值，这样能够进一步促进美国的出口。
　　但是Engler补充说道，“欧洲并不是一个会出现疯狂增长的地区，欧洲经济是成熟的经济。”
　　California's exports to Europe overall have been growing faster than to Asia as of late, and economists say that Europe's modest economic growth is picking up somewhat. Sheldon Engler, a Bank of America senior economist who specializes in Europe, also expects the dollar to weaken relative to European currencies, further helping U.S. exporters.
　　But Engler added: "This is not a region that grows at gangbuster rates. These are mature economies."

　　Hamilton International Group是位于美国南加州Pasadena的一家销售保险库及其它保安产品的公司，其负责人Tim Garrity说，“欧洲并没有建立任何新的银行或金融机构，所以我们在欧洲没有什么事可做。”
　　Garrity说，他们在亚洲的业务并没有萎缩，但是最近他还是派出他的经理人员前往墨西哥市开发南美新市场。
　　 Indeed, Tim Garrity, head of Hamilton International Group, a Pasadena firm that sells vaults and other security products, said, "They're not building any new banks or financial institutions there, so there's very little for us in Europe."
　　Garrity says he has not seen a drop-off in his Asian business, but he recently sent his manager in Mexico City to explore new markets in South America.

　　美洲银行的经济学家在本周的一份报告中分析称，拉丁美洲为加州工业、农业和消费品出口提供了非常重要的增长机会。除了巴西经济正在萎缩以外，拉丁美洲国家的经济增长率预计在4%至7%，而欧洲只有2.5%。
　　In a report this week, Bank of America economists said Latin America presents significant growth opportunities for California exporters of industrial, agricultural and consumer goods. With the notable exception of Brazil, which is going through a major slowdown, the economies of Latin American countries are expected to grow between 4% and 7% - compared with about 2.5% for Europe.

　　墨西哥经济经历了1995年的金融风波后，已经出现经济腾飞，去年上半年加州出口到墨西哥的总额增长25%，达到52亿美元。大部分出口产品是用于墨西哥制造业的工业设备，包括美国和其他外国独资的边界工厂，即所谓的墨西哥组装工厂。
　　California exports to Mexico grew 25%, to $5.2 billion, in the first half of last year as Mexico's economy has roared back from its financial turmoil in 1995. Much of those goods were industrial equipment for manufacturing plants in Mexico, including the U.S.- and other foreign-owned border factories known as maquiladoras.

　　Laguna Niguel的贸易顾问Ralph Clumeck认为墨西哥将为加州公司提供更多的商业机会，因为2001年，非北美自由贸易区国家的产品进口到墨西哥将需要征收关税。
　　加州公司在墨西哥南部所取得的成就才仅仅是个开始。墨西哥市美国加州前任贸易代表Carlos Valderrama现在是一家律师公司的顾问，他说将出口转到南美洲并不是一件简单的事情。
　　Ralph Clumeck, a trade consultant in Laguna Niguel, thinks Mexico will offer even more opportunities for California companies, because in 2001 imports to Mexico from non-NAFTA countries will come with duties.
　　California companies have barely made a dent in regions south of Mexico. Carlos Valderrama, formerly California's trade representative in Mexico City who is now a consultant for a law firm, says it won't be easy for businesses to shift exports to South America.

　　有一点，他说，在加州，只有一家南美银行，还是来自巴西。“当在您所在地区没有一个相应的银行体系时，在那些国家就很难开展业务，”他说。更重要的是，他说，加州公司和南美洲的那些公司，他们之间的联系主要集中在东海岸，主要是在美国佛罗里达州的迈阿密。
　　For one thing, he said, there is only one South American bank, from Brazil, in California. "When you don't have a banking system in your own region, businesses don't go to those countries," he said. More significant, he said, is the mindset of California businesses and those in South America, whose relations are focused on the East Coast, primarily Miami.

　　“在人们的观念里，美国与拉丁美洲之间的商业往来并不包括加州，”位于洛杉矶的Carlsmith Ball公司内负责拉丁美洲业务的负责人Valderrama说。“我认为我们需要做很多的教育工作。加州公司需要更加注意委内瑞拉，智利。它们只把墨西哥看成一个大市场，但是并愿意在往南走一点。”或许，他说，现在开始在转变。
　　"You have this mentality in both the U.S. and Latin America that doesn't include California in between," said Valderrama, who directs Latin American operations for the Los Angeles firm Carlsmith Ball. "I think we need to do more education. California companies need to pay more attention to what is Venezuela, what is Chile. They look to Mexico as the big market but don't want to go farther south." Perhaps, he said, that will now change.